This leaflet gives a short introduction to the context of the project, its main goal and different tasks. Paper copies of the PICTURE leaflet are available from the coordinator of the research (Albert.Dupagne@ulg.ac.be, Jacques.Teller@ulg.ac.be). The leaflet can also be downloaded in pdf format from this site.

The preliminary picture website has been developed and opened in September 2004. The website is designed to enable local authorities to interact directly with the research team, through a participation to electronic forums and contributions to the best practice database.

This deliverable introduces the "state of the art" and presents the findings of the literature review, the analysis of the interviews and the results of the questionnaire. The results of the literature study, questionnaires and interviews are summarized in " a multidimensional matrix", presenting in a schematic way likely positive and negative impacts on built heritage diversity, quality of life and urban economies and giving a short explanation of what they all mean.

This task aims to establish a common vocabulary and reference framework commonly exploitable by all partners to mobilise step-by-step respective knowledge with the view of integrating it in coordinated knowledge.

This deliverable inscribes itself in the development of the strategic urban governance framework, an instrument to help to establish, evaluate and benchmark integrated tourism policies at the local level with a view to maximising the benefits of tourism upon the conservation and enhancement of built heritage diversity and urban quality of life. This deliverable aims to establish the format of the guideline (paper or electronic) and it will outline its expected content and main objectives.

The aim of the present report is to identify the key areas and issues that urban governments of small and medium-sized towns and cities in Europe have to address to promote governance of cultural tourism in their communities. The recommendations are based on existing state-of-the–art research and policy approaches and the results of a recently conducted pan-European Survey. The role of the local governments is particularly underlined in regard to their leadership and uniting capacities in the local communities, in both decision-making and policies. The need of promoting cultural tourism in European cities in view of the user needs is advanced with respect to policy integration, local advantages and urban competitiveness. The concerns and demands and of the local residents are given an equal priority. A preliminary Urban Governance Framework of Cultural Tourism is designed to support following PICTURE activities and promote a discussion among the practitioners’ regarding its merits and feasibility.

The present report summarises the content of First Draft of Cultural Tourism Impact Assessment (CTIA) document. It aims to provide draft procedure and guidelines for the assessment of cultural tourism oriented plans, programmes or projects and its environmental consequences and all potential impacts on the complex organisms of small and medium historic European cities. It further describes proposed steps of Cultural Tourism Impact Assessment with identification of definitions, outcomes, participants and key issues of particular stages of Impact Assessment procedure.

The deliverables discusses the bases of a taxonomy of cultural attractors. It is therefore proposed to use a fine-grained taxonomy which classifies components (attractors) as well as attractions. It is proposed that a more complex information structure could be developed which would extend the basic categorical types with properties, such as presentation mode, which could be used to further describe actual cultural tourism attractions.

This report summarises impacts of tourism and large number of visitors on cultural heritage objects and areas.

This report aims at giving indicators for the analysis of the impact of cultural tourism strategies on urban quality of life. It first gives a summary of socio-cultural impacts of tourism on quality of life according to the stage of tourism maturity of the host city and speaks of the index of tourist irritation and tourism impact attitude scale. It then moves to resident’s attitudes and perceptions and finally defines indicators for quality of life and gives a first illustration of how to apply them with Belfast’s cultural tourism strategy.

This document gives the results of studies on the Impact of Cultural Tourism upon Urban economies, It is based on a combination of case studies and a pan-European econometric analysis. The pan European econometric analysis is aimed at assessing the dynamic effects of tourism upon urban economies at a European level (using existing and newly collected European data). The case studies aim to estimate the direct and indirect impact of tourism on local economies in a static partial equilibrium setting.

This Annex presents the results obtained in the framework of the economic assessment of tourism on the Italian case study of Syracuse (Sicily).

This Annex presents the results obtained in the framework of the economic assessment of tourism on the Spanish case study of Elche (Comunidad Valenciana).

This Annex presents the results obtained in the framework of the economic assessment of tourism on the Norwegian case study of Bergen (Hordaland).

This document identifies and classifies innovative European urban cultural tourism practices which are integrated in the PICTURE IT Resource Centre. The work is to be based on the project outcomes and other European databases offering state-of-the-art sources and solutions to innovative cultural tourism strategies in small and medium sized cities and towns. The aim is to help understand how Governance impacts urban cultural tourism development and the local contexts and conditions that define the success of the result

This deliverable describes the proposed structure and content of the Strategic Governance Framework that will be delivered at the end of the research project. The guide, case studies and IT resource center will be organised along four main themes: 1) Cultural Tourism Challenges & Opportunities, 2) Urban governance of Cultural Tourism, 3) Urban cultural resources, 4) Impacts of cultural tourism at the local level

This investigation employed a range of qualitative and quantitative methods, including an interdisciplinary literature review, a pan-European survey and comparative case study work in five European cities.

This report aims to outline some of the issues surrounding the potential impacts of cultural tourism development strategies on the quality of lives of residents and local communities in selected cities addressed by the PICTURE project. Any reduction in quality of life arising from the development of tourism may result not only in lack of local support for tourism initiatives, but in a downgrading in the well-being and prosperity of the city’s own residents. These issues therefore should be a central concern to tourism bodies and planners in devising any strategies, plans or programmes and in any subsequent monitoring. As this report will highlight however, the often intangible nature of quality of life issues, which make them difficult to measure and analyse mean that they have often not be given due prominence in tourism research and planning.

This deliverable combines the information regarding impacts of cultural tourism upon built heritage diversity, quality of life and urban economies. It starts with an introduction about cultural tourism and its growth before highlighting the need for impact assessment. Tourism is one of the 21st century biggest industries, and it certainly plays a crucial role in terms of earnings and job creation. As a result, it is often perceived an ideal way to regenerate urban centres and bring prosperity to towns. Besides, cultural tourism appears to many as a win-win strategy as it is thought its development would bring benefits to tourists and residents alike. Yet, it needs to be underlined that tourism does not always mean benefits. Like any other form of development, it may have positive but also negative impacts upon the local environment, economy and socio-cultural context. An over- and uncoordinated development is especially likely to lead to deterioration of cultural heritage, tangible or intangible. The deliverable then illustrates how impacts can sometimes create irreversible effects, add up, or create other impacts (these are the notions of irreversible effects, cumulative effects and indirect effects). It then summarises all impacts in a static matrix before ending with illustrations of the interrelation and cumulativeness of impacts, showing how the economy affects quality of life and built heritage and how in turn these can affect the economy. The main outcome of this deliverable however, is to propose a dynamic chart available in an Excel sheet. This chart combines the different impacts of the matrix plus the indicators of built heritage diversity, quality of life and impacts upon the economy identified in the course of the PICTURE project.

This chart combines the different impacts of the matrix plus the indicators of built heritage diversity, quality of life and impacts upon the economy identified in the course of the PICTURE project.

This task will seek to establish how European cultural links can be fostered across political and geographical boundaries to better market and exploit the cultural product. Development of such European cultural networks usually raises serious governance challenges for small- and medium-sized cities, as it depends on concrete initiatives that connect national, regional and local authorities, as well as the private operators from different European countries. These networks involve different political, legal and administrative cultures, with varying degrees of decentralisation. Research will aim at identifying and analysing the main difficulties faced by small- and medium-sized cities in participating and benefiting from such European cultural networks. It helps to specify the expected political support from European Institutions in terms of network-building process.

This study was a propaedeutic to the definitive survey, which was to be based on a sample of 750 interviews of tourists and residents. The purpose of this task was to identify, through the use of evaluation methods as conjoint analysis of selected attributes, those attributes cited by the sample as most responsible for the congestion problem.

Following the success of the methodology in marketing and environmental economics research, practitioners have begun to use CE for valuing cultural tourism programs in both developed and developing countries. CE is a survey-based method used to compare and investigate the trade-offs that people are prepared to make between different goods, programs or policies. The method can be used to compare the opportunity cost of different choices and to find the monetary value that people ascribe to goods or the benefits of a program. CE is a stated-preference technique, in that it relies on individuals saying what they would do under hypothetical circumstances, rather than observing actual behaviours in marketplaces.

Example of web-based questionnaire used for the conjoint choice experiment study in Syracusa. This is a software demonstrator. No support is available for adaptation.

The main purpose of this deliverable is to illustrate the reasons why it is necessary for the responsible of culture and tourism areas to adopt monitoring tools to assist them in the evaluation of their policies and the quality of the cultural offer of their towns. Until now Cultural Tourism has been considered and managed with the same criteria of Mass Tourism. Our experience in our case-studies suggest that cultural tourism activates different behaviour patterns in visitors, and thus requires different evaluation tools, different actions and different resources. The tool developed by UAM satisfies some of these needs and offers precious help to the culture and tourism managers.

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of the city of Amiens. The team of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid has structured the study on the whole city, and on some of the specific elements that constitute this offer: the Musée de Picardie and the Hortillonnages.

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of the city of �vila. The team of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid has structured the study on the whole city, and on some of the specific elements that constitute this offer: the �vila’s Wall, the Province Museum (Museo Provincial) and the Mysticism Museum (Centro de Interpretación del Misticismo).

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of the city of Badajoz. The team of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid has structured the study on the whole city, and on some of the specific elements that constitute this offer: the Museo de la Ciudad.

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of Cáceres. The team of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid has structured the study on the whole city, and on one of the specific elements that constitute this offer: the Visitors Centre “Centro de Interpretación y Muralla Torre de Bujaco�.

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of Ciudad Real. The team of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid has structured the study on the whole city, and on some of the specific elements that constitute this offer: the Museo del Quijote, the Museo López-Villaseñor, and the Museo de Ciudad Real.

The field work was done between September and January 2005 by the LEMA team. The team conducted 2 groups of surveys. In both of them the technique adopted was the direct interview, using a semi-directive questionnaire as a guide.

The field work was done between September and January 2005 by the LEMA team. The team conducted 2 groups of surveys. In both of them the technique adopted was the direct interview, using a semi-directive questionnaire as a guide.

The main objective of this case study is to evaluate the quality of the cultural offer of the Royal Monastery of Santa María of Guadalupe. The team of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid has approached the study as a cultural offer on its own, and as a part of the Extremadura Region cultural offer.

The Cultural Tourism Impact Assessment (CTIA) procedure aims to provide draft guidelines for the assessment of all potential impacts of cultural tourism oriented plans,programmes or projects on the complex organisms of small and medium historic european cities. This deliverable plans to describe the ten steps of the procedure of the (CTIA). It aims at sustainability in tourism development and is aimed at people who are involved in the process of decision-making. This procedure is based on environmental assessments developed in european directives or implemented in different countries, methodologies formulated in other european projects and the consultation of professionals. It is enriched by the PICTURE end-users comments. As far as possible, for each step, the objectives, benefits and pitfalls to avoid during its implementation will be underlined and the necessary human and material resources for the success of the procedure will be indicated. The difference in the authority structure of each country can make difficult the elaboration of a procedure that could be implemented everywhere. Thus, to fit the specifity of the country, the CTIA procedure can be adjusted.

This deliverable presents the preliminary version of the final strategic urban governance framework for cultural tourism. This document aims at facilitating cultural tourism procedures (strategy, implementation, development, monitoring) in small-and-medium sized towns in Europe. This framework draws on the results of the whole project. It presents three years of work of 13 partner institutions in condensed version. Rather than being presented in the form of a research report, it tries to be as practical as possible because it is aimed at local authorities.

This section will make a link with the final conference proceedings.

Scale: Historical centre/District/Urban/Metropolitan/Regional/Transnational Stage of tourism development: Beginning/Growing/Mature/Declining Main objective: urban and/or regional development/Balanced tourism growth/Tourism quality management/Improve urban quality of life/Destination promotion.

Europe is a major tourist destination and the urban tourism industry constitutes a key market for the future. Yet, the tourism industry faces a critical lack of in-depth research and scientific monitoring, especially at the European level. This is explained by various factors. The first of these is that tourism has long been organised and supported by State organisations. Sometimes conceived as a way of promoting national identity, tourism efforts have long been directed to major cities and leisure centres/areas. Trans-national European tourism networks, like European cultural routes for instance, were very often disregarded, even though city networking has long been a key aspect of the European model of territorial development. The actions of international bodies, like the EU (through its INTERREG programme, for example), the Council of Europe, and UNESCO, have been instrumental in promoting such cross-border cultural networks. Unfortunately these policies have mostly been directed towards financial support or international reward and recognition. They were rarely accompanied by genuine scientific support, in terms of strategic planning, impact assessment or long-term monitoring.

Many city authorities call upon consultants’ services when they want to make a tourism development plan, or a feasibility study for a special project. These consultants have, throughout Europe, a common method of work which is fully described in the paper, and illustrated with examples : diagnosis, orientations, program of actions, means of implementation, prefiguration of operations, evaluation and assessment of impacts, assistance in implementation… Theses consultants can bring a lot to the tourism development within the city, in terms of efficiency, innovation, coherence within the various steps to be taken, realistic objectives on target markets ; furthermore, as they work on a certain number of cases and keep track with other European experiences, they convey the good practices from one city to another.

This document explains how the end-users group was constituted and gives the results of the first end-users consultation about D3: Elaboration of a multi-dimensional matrix of impacts, methods and policy measures, D6: Identification of the needs of local authorities in terms of urban governance of Cultural Tourism, D7: First draft of a Cultural Tourism Impact Assessment procedure.

This aim of the study is to examine how the tourist traffic affects the World Heritage Site of Bryggen, situated in the City of Bergen, Norway, and how the tourists look upon the site as a cultural tourist destination.

The end-users’ contribution is very important as it enables the research team to create an efficient governance framework, living up the best way to the local authorities’ expectations in terms of format and content. This document is the synthesis of the second consultation of the end-users.

The third consultation was made from the end of June to the beginning of October 2006.

This document is the synthesis of the fourth consultation of the end-users. The fourth and last consultation was made from the beginning of November 2006 to the beginning of January 2007. At this time of the research, the preliminary version of the final guide was on consultation in order to collect and integrate the end-users’ comments before the publication, especially for the CTIA procedure.